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STRATEGIES, ARGUMENTS, LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES IN THE CRIMINAL DEFENSE IN THE MAPUCHE ARAUCANÍA OF CHILE

ESTRATEGIAS, ARGUMENTOS, LÍMITES Y POTENCIALIDADES EN LA DEFENSA PENAL EN LA ARAUCANÍA MAPUCHE DE CHILE

Marcelo Berho y Wladimir Martínez

This article analyzes the development of a criminal defense case that took place in Chile’s Araucanía Region in 2013, and in which a Mapuche man was convicted of femicide. The man’s legal defense was provided by the specialized Mapuche Public Defender’s office. In this article we examine the legal defense provided to this man, the manner in which the specific socio-cultural conditions were taken into account, the theoretical and methodological frameworks and juridical resources considered in the defense’s arguments, and the internal limitations met by said arguments in terms of the judicial convic- tion. Our analysis covers the defense’s actions, the arguments presented by the defense, and the assimilation of exculpatory legal categories and of categories of understanding that are typical of the Mapuche cognitive and medical worldview. This case is especially interesting because it allows us to recognize a specific type of socio-cultural legal defense and to derive lessons that can inform a pluralistic and fair legal theory and practice in multi-ethnic and multi-cultural contexts such as the Chilean society today.En el presente artículo se analiza el desarrollo de un caso de defensa penal realizado en La Araucanía de Chile, en el que se condenó a un hombre mapuche por femicidio, el cual contó con la defensa especializada de la Defensoría Penal Mapuche el año 2013. A través del caso nos preguntamos en qué consistió la defensa realizada, de qué modo encaró la singularidad sociocultural, qué marcos de referencia teórico-metodológicos y recursos jurídicos incorporó en su argumentación y qué límites internos tuvo dicha práctica en el orden del convencimiento jurídico. El análisis considera las acciones de la defensa, la argumentación y la asimilación de categorías jurídicas exculpatorias y categorías de comprensión provenientes del universo cognitivo y médico mapuche. El valor de este caso radica en que, a través de él, es posible reconocer una forma de defensa penal sociocultural y visualizar los límites y potenciales pedagógicos que ésta tiene para una teoría y práctica penal pluralista y transformadora en contextos multiétnicos y multiculturales como el chileno actual.

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NEGOTIATING DISTINCTIONS. AN ETHNOGRAPHY ON GENDER AND CARE IN AN EMBROIDERY WORKSHOP FOR ELDERLY LADIES IN PROVIDENCIA (CHILE)

NEGOCIAR LAS DISTINCIONES. UNA ETNOGRAFÍA SOBRE GÉNERO Y CUIDADOS EN UN TALLER DE BORDADOS PARA SEÑORAS MAYORES EN PROVIDENCIA (CHILE)

Herminia Gonzálvez Torralbo, Sofia Larrazabal Bustamante and Menara Guizardi


The article presents an ethnographic case study carried out between 2016 and 2017 with elderly women who participated in weaving and embroidery classes in a community center in the district of Providencia (Metropolitan Region, Chile). The research investigated practices, knowledge, and meanings articulated through care relationships among women from medium and high social strata. We aim to understand how aging was experiencied by these women of Providencia, inquiring the strategies they developed at the community, personal, and family level to face the challenges and possibilities of aging. To address the results of our research, we will start by describing, in the second section, the research methodology, and then, in the third section, we will synthesize the debates on gender and aging in the social sciences. The fourth section describes the sociodemographic, economic and public policy aspects of Providencia regarding its elderly population. The fifth and sixth sections further explore our ethnographic feminist experience, detailing the narratives of the women regarding care, and the political articulations that permeate their lives. We conclude with reflections based on the ethnographic data, and wich expand some of specific contributions of the current theoretical debates.

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FOR SOMETHING THAT WAS OURS... NOW IT BELONGS TO ALL OF HUMANITY”: WORLD HERITAGE AS THE EXPRESSION OF CONFLICTS

“PARA ALGO QUE ERA NUESTRO... AHORA ES DE TODA LA HUMANIDAD”: EL PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL COMO EXPRESIÓN DE CONFLICTOS

Beatriz Santamarina and Camila Del Mármol

In this article, we discuss the conflicting nature of heritage which is usually silenced by its powerful representation as a cultural, social and economic capital, and as a sign of distinction. We will focus on tango and fallas and how they both became registered in the Representative List of Intangible Heritage. Based on those cases, we explore the hegemonic dimension of heritage processes as well as the bellicose local resistances that confront the logic of neoliberal heritage. The examples throw some light on the conflicts that may arise between the different interests, logics and agents involved in heritage processes. They also reveal the nature of the political and economic contexts that make the heritagisation possible. Beyond the distances and specificities of our two cases, they expose how the two nominations coincide with specific policies of urban regeneration, known as the New Urban Policy (NUP). Neoliberal globalization articulated around the intangible economy and the cultural and leisure industry take shape within the smart cities which redefine old places into new urban spaces. Intangible heritage plays a key role in these processes.

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ESTUDIO INTRASITIO DE UN YACIMIENTO ARCAICO CON ARQUITECTURA EN LA COSTA DE TALTAL, DESIERTO DE ATACAMA, NORTE DE CHILE

INSTRASITE STUDY OF AN ARCHAIC SETTLEMENT WITH ARCHITECTURE ON THE COAST OF TALTAL, ATACAMA DESERT, NORTHERN CHILE

Ximena Power and Diego Salazar

The emergence and proliferation of domestic and funerary constructions on the Atacama Desert coast, which takes place for a short time of the pre-Hispanic period of the region (ca. 5700-4000 cal. BP), is a social process and architectural phenomenon that attracts much of the attention of the archaeological research of Northern Chile. To delve into the unique characteristics of this period, an intrasite study of the Caleta Bandurrias site (Taltal) is presented. The analysis of different lines of evidence suggests activities, subsistence patterns, and technological organization of local hunter gatherer fishers inhabiting the area. The results, and their subsequent analysis within a context of regional settlement, suggest a residential-funerary use and/or social aggregation function of the site, as well as a particular type of advance towards the coast through a residential mobility strategy based on the availability of local resources and built environment.

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PUNTAS PEDUNCULADAS PEQUEÑAS: VARIABILIDAD MORFOMÉTRICA Y DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL EN EL NORTE DE LA PROVINCIA DEL CHUBUT (PATAGONIA ARGENTINA) DURANTE EL HOLOCENO TARDÍO

SMALL STEMMED POINTS: MORPHOMETRIC VARIABILITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NORTH OF CHUBUT PROVINCE (ARGENTINE PATAGONIA) DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE

Anahí Banegas, María Soledad Goye and Julieta Gómez Otero

The results of morphometric and technical analyses of 103 small stemmed projectile points from the north of Chubut province (Patagonia, Argentina) are presented. These artifacts were collected in three ecologically differentiated but adjacent environments: the maritime coast, the middle and the lower valley of the Chubut River, and the northern-central plateau. The specimens were obtained during archaeological research and from a private collection. The goal of this research is to identify trends and to explore their relationship with technological-based decisions and the circulation of raw materials, objects, designs, and information among different groups. Although highly intra and interarea morphological diversity is recorded, three subtypes predominate: straight or slightly convex triangular edges, stems with straight edges and concave bases. Two of these subtypes have not yet been identified in the archaeological literature from other parts of Patagonia. Statistical analyses – ANOVA and PCA, carried out on the metric attributes of the stem, did not show significant differences. Chalcedony, obsidian, and fossilized wood from spatially circumscribed sources were proven to be the most frequent raw materials among the three areas, supporting different models of intensification of exchanges in central and northern Patagonia by the end of late Holocene.

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