Florencia Santos Valero

This article presents the results of the archaeological study of the PA68 site in the El Quebrachito lagoon, located on a lunette sand dune next to an old wetland of the Desaguadero River (Gran Llanura de la Travesía, west-central Argentina). Based on the results of radiocarbon dating and of ceramic, archaeofaunistic, and lithic material analyses, it is postulated that between ca. 1200 and 800 years BP, during the Medieval Climate Optimum, populations intensified the occupation of the area and of this site in particular. Occupations, within a logistic mobility pattern, around ca. 400 years BP during the Little Ice Age are also recorded. Although strong alterations can be observed in these remains, as they are deposited in the dunes, these do not hinder the interpretation of the process of use of riverside environments with occupations linked to subsistence modes, focused on fishing and technologies, which took advantage of mineral resources in the north of Mendoza, as well as others to the east of the study area.

In this paper, 191 ceramic zoomorphic motifs from the lowlands of the Paraná River (northeastern Argentina) are taxonomically identified. Subsequently, this iconographic record is compared with the available zooarchaeological record to contrast the animals depicted in pre-Hispanic art with those actually consumed. The sample analyzed, obtained from museum collections and author excavations, was recovered from complex hunter-gatherer sites dating from between 1056 ± 47 and 488 ± 24 years 14C BP. The data show discordance between the animals routinely hunted for food (fish, small rodents, and deer) and those frequently portra- yed in the pre-Hispanic ceramic (birds, felines, capybaras, and ophidians). This analysis attempts to further our understanding of human-animal interaction and to delve into the symbolic roles that some faunal species played in the small-scale societies that inhabited the area during the Late Holocene.

In this paper, we describe and analyze the panel with pictographs of Punta Chomache, located on the coast of the Atacama Desert, between Iquique and the mouth of the Loa River. The panel has geometric and conventional designs, mainly of fish, birds, and camelids, which are painted with white pigment and red additions. A chronological and cultural transitional affiliation during the Early Pica-Tarapacá Complex (650-900 to 1450 AD) is suggested, probably associated with a low density coastal occupation and possibly with a dual residence pattern. It would be a peripheral enclave integrated into the caravan networks coming from the oasis of Pica and Guatacondo/Tamentica. The panel is interpreted as a visual and ritual sign regarding the recurrence of exceptional fish stranding events, which caused feasts, social interactions, and transfers of surpluses to the fertile interior nodes.