Liliana Pedraja-Rejas, Emilio Rodríguez-Ponce, Cristhian Cerna y Nicolas Fleet

The article explores the relationship between gender, intersectionality, and student enrolment in initial teacher education programs at Chilean universities. The methodology used was qualitative and descriptive, and involved the generation of a representative structural sampling and instrumental case study, comparing roles in the undergraduate teaching programs of three universities differentiated as mass state, mass private, and elite institutions. Between 2019 and 2021, we compiled data from 28 semi-structured interviews. The information was triangulated and analyzed following grounded theory principles on the basis of axial analysis, with intersectionality as a central category, constituted by students’ sex/gender representations, social origins, reproductive roles, productive roles, and the perspectives adopted towards their degree program. The results of our research show the influence of meanings that articulate the experiences of intersectionality in terms of access to teacher training programs and the training they provide. These meanings are shaped by unequal educational trajectories that create student representations associated with productive and caregiving roles, as well as an experience centered around the construction of differentiated discourses of vulnerability in relation to teacher training.

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Francisco Franco, Juan M. Montegú, Gonzalo Moyano, Rocío Molar, Agustina V. Fiorani, Stefanía Chiavassa Arias, Agustina Etchegoin Tonello, Lucía Justiniano, Lucía de Salazar, Valeria Franco Salvi and Julián Salazar

This paper characterizes material practices as a result of the complex interplay between assemblages, time, and environment at the archaeological site of El Sunchal (Anfama, Tucumán). To this end, we present the results of different lines of research, including architectural characterizations together with stratigraphic, radiocarbon, ceramic, and lithic analyses. These have revealed multiple occupation events that allow us to address the recurrence in the use of space of different socio-temporal processes that began around ca. 2000 BP and extended to late pre-Hispanic times around ca. 550 BP. The asynchrony in the occupational sequence enables us to investigate the dynamics of the architectural, ceramic, and lithic technical traditions, evaluating the continuities and changes over time, and their implications in relation to the social memory of the groups that lived there. The results obtained as a whole suggest a relatively intense process of territorialization that occurred between ca. 2000 and 1500 BP, followed by milder pulses of intensity at later times.

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José María Caminoa

In the archaeological contexts located in the southern Pampean Sierras of Argentina, quartz is the most commonly used lithic material to produce artifacts by knapping. It has been proposed that the lithic assemblage composition, characterized by the presence of few tool designs, the use of natural edges, and almost no retouching, may be linked to the medium or poor quality of this material, which makes it highly unpredictable in terms of size, abundance, and distributional continuity in the area. These interpretations, it has been suggested, stem from the projection of how recent western society understands technology as a way of relating people with the material world. This is based on the distinction and opposition between nature and culture, matter and mind, technology and society. This paper explores the way in which people in the past related to rocks, particularly quartz. The study is carried out from a theoretical perspective that attempts to overcome the opposition between nature and culture, based on the study of the reduction of quartz cores for the extraction of base forms.

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Luisa Vetter Parodi, Gabriel Prieto, Jesús Ruíz, Gladys Ocharán, Claver W. Aldama-Reyna, Feren Castillo y Luis Flores

During the last ten years, the Huanchaco Archaeological Program has investigated many sites on the Huanchaco coast, La Libertad Region, North Coast of Peru, where a hundred metallic objects associated with various cultural periods have been recovered. For this paper, we have chosen five metal artifacts associated with secure contexts and with AMS dates, which were analyzed using optical and electronic microscopy as well as digital X-rays. The absolute temporal frames for these artifacts are between 400 and 200 cal. BC (late Early Horizon) and AD 200-500. Our results indicate that between 400 and 200 cal. BC, the gilded depletion copper technique was in use, which according to our knowledge is the earliest reported for the Andean region. This study shows how the use of this technique is continued by later societies until AD 450/500. After this period, goldsmiths of the Moche society (AD 450/500 - 800/850) began to introduce new goldsmithing techniques, observable in some objects used in Huanchaco. In sum, the samples are scarce, but due to their origins from controlled contexts, they are of utmost importance.

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